In many biological and physical systems, feedback mechanisms depend on a set of thresholds associated with the state variables. Each feedback has a characteristic time scale. We suggest that ...

Difference equations, serving as the discrete analogue to differential equations, have long been a linchpin in the study of dynamic systems. These equations define sequences recursively, and their ...

Delay differential equations (DDEs) extend the classical framework of differential equations by incorporating terms that depend on past states, thus capturing the intrinsic time delays found in many ...