The problem being addressed by the U.S. Army was that wear and corrosion require the artillery personnel to replace chromium-coated spindles well before they reach their usable end-of-life. The ...

PVD is the most important coating process to produce thin layers of materials. Used for architectural or smart glass, displays, touch panels and solar cells, thin layers provide crucial properties for ...

The world of 3D printing is rapidly evolving, offering endless possibilities in the creation of complex, intricate parts. Yet, one key issue that continues to challenge this advanced technology is the ...

Typical physical-vapor-deposition (PVD) hard coatings are 20 times thinner than a human hair, yet they can drastically improve performance, boost reliability, and extend service lives of tool and ...

For the most part of its long history, the clock has been an essential tool in not only telling time, but also in navigation. Due to war and improved globalization and commerce, the wristwatch ...